Abstract Content and Structure - Required Subheadings

It is mandatory to structure your abstract and organized with following headings and subheadings:

Title

Abstract title should be clear and concise, reflecting the content and should not exceed 25 words. Capitalise only the first word of the title, except for acronyms, do not put a dot/period at the end of the title. Do not use brand names in the title

Author(s)

Ensure that all Full first and family name(s) of submitting/corresponding author and co-authors who contributed to the work are included. Authors’ names should be entered as they would appear in the published abstract. Trainees should confirm with advisors that the authors’ names and author order are complete and correct.

Institutional Affiliations

The submitter is responsible for ensuring that all author names and affiliations like department, institution/hospital, city, state (if relevant), country and enter accurately at the time of submission. This includes correct spelling, formatting, capitalization, and punctuation of both names and affiliations. We are not liable for any errors in author names or affiliation details.

Body of Abstract

All text in the abstract should use upper and lower-case letters, including the title. Do not type in all upper-case or all lower-case letters. The body of the abstract should follow logically from the title and should not exceed 250 – 300 words. The use of underlined is not permitted. Words that need emphasis should be bold or italics type. Do not use a smaller font size. Recommended font is Times New Roman, size 12 pt

Note: adhere to the abstract size limit. Any abstracts exceeding the 250-300 word limit will not be reviewed. Graphs, tables and images should not be included in the abstract. If including a table in the abstract, please limit the number of words in the body of the abstract to 225.

Introduction: The introduction is a clear, detailed, and concise overview of the problem (includes Background, Purpose, Hypothesis)

Background and Aims: An introduction, stating the hypothesis, purpose, or specific objective of the study. (Why is your work important? Does it fill any gaps in knowledge or research? What is the context?)

Materials and Methods:A description of the study design, the subjects and the methods and evaluation procedures used. Documentation of statistical methodology should be included in this section. (Explain your methods, such as study design. What was done, by whom, how and where? What measurements were taken and how were the data managed?)

Results: A summary of the results of the study must be included in the abstract. Results should include actual data. Do not include qualitative statements such as “supporting evidence will be provided” or “results will be presented.” Any data provided must either support, confirm, modify, or refute the objectives of the particular study. (What did you find, discover or achieve? Not just in subjective terms, but also in the form of data. How significant were your findings?)

Conclusions/Discussions: A brief statement of the conclusions of the study based on the results should be provided. (What were your overall findings? What do they mean? How could the methods be improved? Is this work part of a bigger piece of research or strategy? What are the suggestions for future work?)

References: (optional)

Optionally, you can include up to five references to previous publications. In the body text, a publication should be referred to by a consecutive number between square brackets, i.e. [1], [2], [3], [4] and [5].

References indicated in the reference list, that are not linked to the body text will be deleted by the publisher. Authors are responsible for the accuracy of references. Only published articles and those in press (the journal should be stated) may be included; unpublished results and personal communications should be cited as such in the body text.

Limitations

Authors should not submit multiple copies of the same case. There is no limit to the number of abstracts you may submit and as well to the number of co-authors per abstract

All text in the abstract should use upper and lower-case letters, including the title. Do not type in all upper-case or all lower-case letters. Please do not include any reference to institutions within the title or body of the abstracts.

Do not use abbreviations in the title or body of the abstract. The title should define the topic and contain no abbreviations. Abstract text that does not comply with the required format will be returned.